The programming is the process of creating software . This
definition can be interpreted as follows. Programming is nothing more than an
explanation to the computer of what, in what form and how to reach the user. In
other words, it is a kind of art of translating a person's wishes into machine
language.
The essence of programming
The main idea is to create an algorithm and translate it
into a programming language . The development guide is often advised to begin
developing a program by answering the question: Is it possible to implement
this task on a scheduled basis? For example, even today a computer cannot be
made to predict what will happen in a few days. And even if this example is not
entirely correct, because this task is impossible in principle. However, if the
task is limited to predicting the behavior of some currency on the exchange,
such task is solved with the help of a sufficiently complex algorithm and a
large experimental database.
Algorithms
Once the decision has been made on the possibility of
implementing the software in a task, it is necessary to build an algorithm for
its solution. In other words, it is necessary to describe the sequence of steps
to solve the task in maximum detail, taking into account all possible branches,
cycles and errors. In fact, an algorithm can be built for the simplest daily
operations. For example, the algorithm of tea preparation can be described:
1. Open the
kettle.
2. If there
is no water in the kettle, it should be added.
3. Put the
kettle on the gas stove.
4. Open the
gas.
5. Light the
fire.
6. Wait for
the water in the kettle to boil.
7. Place the
tea envelope in the cup.
8. Pour the
hot water from the kettle into the cup.
This algorithm is not universal, but for a person who
prepares a cup of tea because he has a gas stove, this whole process is valid.
There are several ways to describe the algorithm :
• Chart
(schematics).
• Verbal.
• Pseudocode.
• Program
code
Programming languages
In fact, a programming language is a set of rules for
describing predefined commands and functions. Each programming language limits
the developer to a strictly predetermined set of keywords and commands that can
be used in development. There are several levels of languages between which
they are distinguished:
• Low-level
(assembler) : works directly with processor commands.
• High-level
(C ++, C #, Java, etc.) - It's more like an ordinary language.
During the development of a software product, different
levels of abstraction can be distinguished. That is, objects in the real world
can be represented differently. Depending on it, programming languages are
divided into the following types:
• Procedure
: the solution of the task is determined step by step, the whole system is
divided into a series of related procedures.
• Object-oriented
: the program is developed as a set of interrelated objects, each of which can
generate a large number of concrete implementations.
• Declarative
: they are the languages of the description of the problem and the expected
result.
Object-oriented programming
This approach involves developing a program as a system of
objects, each of which reflects one or another object from the real world.
Objects in the real world correspond to classes. And from each class, in turn,
innumerable objects can be generated. For example, if a program is developed
for a car workshop, the classes will be: car, engine, suspension, body, brake system
and other spare parts. And the objects of the class are the specific models of
these parts, which are used in the process.
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